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TMSCA Science Study Guide
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Science UIL and TMSCA Practice from Computing4All
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Throughout history, scientific discoveries have revolutionized our understanding of matter and its fundamental properties. From the earliest concepts of atomic theory to the development of the periodic table and the discovery of subatomic particles, each breakthrough has shaped modern chemistry and physics. The contributions of these pioneering scientists have laid the foundation for fields such as quantum mechanics, nuclear science, and material chemistry. Their work not only deepened our comprehension of atomic structure but also paved the way for advancements in medicine, energy, and technology. The following scientists played a crucial role in shaping our knowledge of matter and its interactions.

  • Antoine Lavoisier – Established the law of conservation of mass, fundamental to chemical reactions.
  • Dmitri Mendeleev – Developed the periodic table, organizing elements based on their properties.
  • J.J. Thomson – Discovered the electron, contributing to atomic structure understanding.
  • Ernest Rutherford – Conducted the gold foil experiment, discovering the nucleus of the atom.
  • Niels Bohr – Developed the Bohr model of the atom, introducing quantized electron orbits.
  • Marie Curie – Discovered radioactivity, advancing knowledge on nuclear reactions.
  • John Dalton – Proposed the atomic theory, stating that matter is composed of atoms.
  • Willard Libby – Developed radiocarbon dating, a method for determining the age of ancient biological materials based on the decay of carbon-14 isotopes.
  • Max Planck – Introduced quantum theory, demonstrating that energy is emitted in discrete units (quanta), forming the foundation of modern quantum mechanics.
  • Albert Einstein – Explained the photoelectric effect, proving that light behaves as both a particle and a wave, which was key to quantum mechanics.
  • Werner Heisenberg – Formulated the Uncertainty Principle, which states that the position and momentum of a particle cannot be simultaneously measured with absolute precision.
  • Erwin Schrödinger – Developed wave mechanics, providing a mathematical model for quantum states of atoms and molecules.
  • Henri Becquerel – Discovered radioactivity, which led to the later work of Marie Curie in identifying radioactive elements.
  • Enrico Fermi – Pioneered work in nuclear reactions, leading to the development of the first nuclear reactor and significant advances in atomic energy.

 

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